Determining if a factor is a confounder or effect modifier is not always obvious by common sense thinking. As you work through the logic and evaluate each of the criteria for confounding, ask yourself if your interpretations make sense. If the factor was a confounder, in what direction did it influence the exposure-disease association? Is it a logical influence? If the factor was an effect modifier, does the difference in relationship between groups of the factor actually make sense (i.e., is it plausible)?
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